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南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院張瑞福教授團(tuán)隊(duì)揭示了微生物肥料菌種芽孢桿菌應(yīng)對(duì)植物免疫防衛(wèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)根際定殖的新策略，相關(guān)成果發(fā)表于Plant, Cell & Environment（IF=6.362）。

博士研究生張慧慧為論文第一作者，中國農(nóng)科院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所劉云鵬副研究員與南農(nóng)大資環(huán)學(xué)院張瑞福教授為論文共同通訊作者，該研究同時(shí)得到國家自然科學(xué)基金、中國農(nóng)科院創(chuàng)新工程的資助。

Efficient root colonization of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria is critical for their plant‐beneficial functions. However, the strategy to overcoming plant immunity during root colonization is not well understood. In particular, howBacillus strains cope with plant‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), which function as the first barrier of plant defense, is not clear. In the present study, we found that the homolog of flg22 in Bacillus velezensis SQR9 (flg22^SQR9) has 78.95% identity to the typical flg22 (flg22^P.s.) and induces a significant oxidative burst in cucumber and Arabidopsis. In contrast to pathogenic or beneficialPseudomonas, live B. velezensis SQR9 also induced an oxidative burst in cucumber. We further found that B. velezensis SQR9 tolerated higher H₂O₂levels than Pst DC3000, the pathogen that harbors the typical flg22, and that it possesses the ability to suppress the flg22‐induced oxidative burst, indicating that B. velezensis SQR9 may exploit a more efficient ROS tolerance system than DC3000. Further experimentation with mutagenesis of bacteria and Arabidopsis showed that the two‐component regulatory system, ResDE, in B. velezensis SQR9 is involved in tolerance to plant‐derived oxidative stress, thus contributing to root colonization. This study supports a further investigation of the interaction between beneficial rhizobacteria and plant immunity.

根際微生物是植物的第二基因組，對(duì)植物的生長和健康具有重要作用，其中的根際促生菌是微生物肥料的主要生產(chǎn)菌種，是支撐農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的重要投入品。肥料微生物生存于根際土壤，作用于植物根系，其在植物根表的高效定殖是發(fā)揮植物益生作用的前提。植物會(huì)通過免疫防衛(wèi)反應(yīng)抵抗微生物的定殖和侵染，其中識(shí)別非己成分而產(chǎn)生的活性氧爆發(fā)是植物免疫的第一道屏障，有效應(yīng)對(duì)植物免疫防衛(wèi)才能夠高效定殖。然而，對(duì)植物免疫的研究一直以來都圍繞著病原微生物和其共生菌（如根瘤菌和菌根真菌）展開，對(duì)于與其結(jié)合緊密但非共生的根際促生菌（同時(shí)也是微生物肥料的主要生產(chǎn)菌種）如何應(yīng)對(duì)植物根系免疫并成功定殖還不清楚。

植物能夠識(shí)別細(xì)菌所產(chǎn)生的保守微生物相關(guān)分子模式（Microbe-associated molecular pattern, MAMP）產(chǎn)生基礎(chǔ)免疫，并伴隨著活性氧的爆發(fā)。細(xì)菌的鞭毛多肽flg22是目前研究最為透徹的MAMP，文章比較了多個(gè)病原菌與益生菌，尤其是芽孢桿菌的flg22序列，發(fā)現(xiàn)決定flg22的免疫激發(fā)效應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵氨基酸位點(diǎn)在有益芽孢桿菌中比較保守，進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)有益芽孢桿菌flg22能夠引發(fā)黃瓜、擬南芥葉片、根系的活性氧爆發(fā)。然而與病原菌不同的是，活體的有益微生物能夠激發(fā)植物活性氧爆發(fā)，而活體的病原菌由于多方面的免疫抑制和逃逸策略，并未激發(fā)植物的活性氧爆發(fā)，但有益芽孢桿菌卻能夠比病原菌耐受數(shù)倍濃度的活性氧。該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，芽孢桿菌的一類保守的雙組份調(diào)控系統(tǒng)ResDE參與了對(duì)活性氧的耐受，缺失了ResDE系統(tǒng)的芽孢桿菌突變體活性氧耐受能力和根際定殖水平顯著降低，但對(duì)活性氧產(chǎn)生缺失的植物突變株定殖無影響，證實(shí)ResDE通過參與活性氧的耐受進(jìn)而促進(jìn)了芽孢桿菌的根際定殖。


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